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January 16, 2025

The High Stakes of Career and Technical Education: Winners and Losers in the State Economic Race

New York City’s $200 million CTE investment highlights the growing importance of modern facilities and industry partnerships, proving career education is essential for economic growth and workforce readiness.

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New York City announced a $200 million investment in Career and Technical Education (CTE), representing a significant shift in how the largest school system in the country approaches workforce preparation. This substantial commitment includes upgrading facilities throughout all five boroughs, expanding industry partnerships, and creating new pathways in emerging sectors like clean energy and healthcare. While some regions continue to debate the value of CTE, New York City's investment clearly shows that, in today's economy, career and technical education is not just an alternative path—it is an economic necessity.

The economic race between states has never been more intense, and the winners are increasingly evident. As of 2023, 47 states enacted 115 policies affecting CTE and career readiness, marking a significant commitment to integrating CTE into the broader educational framework. This strategic focus is driven by the recognition that CTE programs equip students with essential skills and align educational pathways with the demands of emerging industries.

Over the decades, we have observed how certain states have gained a competitive advantage by investing in Career and Technical Education (CTE). While some states cling to outdated perceptions of technical education, others are making significant advancements and reaping substantial economic benefits, inspiring hope and a sense of possibility for a brighter future.

The numbers tell a compelling story that we can't ignore. States that have invested heavily in modern CTE programs are seeing graduation rates soar to 93%—significantly higher than the national average of 85%. Their CTE graduates earn 20% more than peers with traditional high school diplomas. States receive nearly $10 in economic output for every dollar these programs invest.

The impact of CTE programs on state economies is not just a theory; it's a reality. Take Oklahoma, for instance. In 2023 alone, CTE programs contributed nearly $1 billion to the state's economy, supporting over 8,600 jobs and generating $456 million in wages. The state saw a $29.3 million return on investment through income and sales tax revenue from CTE-related activities – money that can be reinvested in schools, infrastructure, and public services. This is not just about individual success stories but about transforming entire state economies.

This growing divide should concern us all. While some states excel, others are still at the starting line. Bridging the gap between states that have embraced modern CTE and those that haven't is becoming increasingly challenging.

Let's look at the stark reality: 47 states enacted 115 CTE-related policies in 2023, but the depth and quality of these initiatives vary dramatically. While Ohio is pouring $400 million into cutting-edge programs aligned with emerging industries, other states are making only token investments that barely scratch the surface of what's needed.

The winning states aren't just throwing money at the problem – they're fundamentally reimagining what career education looks like.

The federal government recognizes this imperative, proposing $1.5 billion for CTE State Grants in the 2025 budget. But here's the harsh truth: states that don't match this commitment with their own strategic investments and industry partnerships will find themselves increasingly left behind in the race for economic competitiveness.

This pattern isn't new to those of us who study economic development. When some states invested heavily in technology infrastructure in the 1990s while others waited, it created economic disparities that took decades to address. We're at a similar inflection point with CTE today.

The winning states aren't just throwing money at the problem – they're fundamentally reimagining what career education looks like. They're creating seamless pathways between high schools, colleges, and employers. They're investing in state-of-the-art facilities that mirror real-world work environments. Most importantly, they engage directly with industries to ensure their programs meet workforce needs.

In leading states, we're witnessing a transformative approach that surpasses traditional vocational programs. These states create integrated ecosystems where education, industry, and workforce development work harmoniously. A key aspect of this transformation is the significant investment in modern facilities and equipment. Rather than simply acquiring new tools, states are designing learning environments that resemble actual industry settings, allowing students to engage with the technology they'll use in their future careers. This approach is impressive and a reason for optimism about the future of CTE.

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The high stakes of CTE

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Sterling Roberson
Sterling is the former VP of CTE at UFT, NYC. 30+ years advocating for career & technical education. Champion of industry-aligned programs, workforce development, and educational innovation. Shaped statewide CTE policies.
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